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Tutorial Demo Examples: Inputs, Outputs, and Objectives

T1. 3DFAULT (SLOPING FAULT)

Objectives: 3D model building with sloping fault.

Inputs: (1) Horizon Markers in a text file. (2) Vshale logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y, and kb.

Process and Output:

  1. Import markerheader file and then LOG file.

  2. Graphically edit a well to depth shift it.

  3. Add fault as new marker and graphically edit on cross section.

  4. Map fault surface as a horizon surface

  5. Map horizon surfaces with fault surface constraint.

  6. Build 3D vsh model by Kriging.

  7. Calculate net thickness map to show thickness reduction in the normal fault area.

  8. Graph faulted grid with fault grid option on.

Run time: about 5 to 10 minutes.

 

T2. 3DMODEL

Objectives: General process of 3D lithology model building and application.

Inputs: (1) Horizon Markers in a text file. (2) VShale logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y, and kb.

Process and Output:

  1. Variogram and model fit.

  2. 3D model of VShale by Kriging.

  3. 3D models of VShale by Conditional Simulation.

  4. Volumetrics calculation with the models.

  5. Geobody with one realization of the models.

  6. 3D model of VShale by Kriging with fault.

  7. Various graphic views of the results.

  8. Predict VShale log at new well location.

  9. Add a deviated new well and predict the log.

Run time: about 20 to 40 minutes.

 

T3. EROSION OF 3D MODEL

Objectives: 3D model building with unconfirmal geological setting.

Inputs: (1) Horizon Markers in a text file. Top horizon erosional. Base conformal. (2) Porosity logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y, and kb.

Process and Output:

  1. Identify and remove wrong data: porosity <-100 or > 100.

  2. Identify and correct KB error for one well.

  3. Remove data above erosional top surface.

  4. Convert porosity from percentage to decimal unit.

  5. Variogram and model fit with base marker only.

  6. Build 3D porosity model by Kriging with base marker only.

  7. Turn off base marker and turn on top marker, build top surface.

  8. Graph surfaces.

  9. Remove portion of the porosity grid above top erosional surface.

Run time: about 7 to 15 minutes.

 

T4. HORIZON MARKER

Objectives: Semi-automatic horizon marker based on (fresh water) resistivity logs.

Inputs: Resistivity logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y, and kb.

Process and Output:

  1. Import log data and data quality control.

  2. Generate automatic horizon based on correlation among resistivity logs.

  3. Variogram and model fit.

  4. Normalize resistivity logs to compensate for temperature variations etc.

  5. Build 3D lithology model by Kriging. High resistivity indicates sand.

  6. Add new horizon markers, initially parallel to the auto-horizon.

  7. Interactively modify the markers on cross sectional graph to top of sand.

  8. Use autopick function to adjust the markers.

  9. Autopick complete sand top surfaces based on 3D grid and well picks.

Run time: about 10 to 20 minutes.

 

T5. LASNPOR: POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY MODEL WITH LAS IMPORT

Objectives: 3D porosity and permeability model building with LAS files and old porosity logs.

Inputs: (1) Horizon Markers in a text file with X, Y, and KB. (2) GR logs, porosity logs, and core data in LAS files.

Process and Output:

  1. Import markerheader file and then LAS files.

  2. Data quality control.

  3. Normalize GR logs to become VSH.

  4. Normalize NEUT logs to porosity (one of many methods).

  5. Variogram and model fit.

  6. Build 3D porosity model by Kriging.

  7. Correlate porosity to core permeability. Transform porosity grid to soft data.

  8. Build 3D permeability model by colocated cosimulation.

  9. Map k*H and make graphs.

Run time: about 15 to 30 minutes.

 

T6. LITHOLOGY

Objective: 3D indicator model building with interpreted indicators of lithology, facies, or fluid type.

Input: (1) Indicator log text file. (2) Well x, y, and KB text file. (3) Horizon markers in a text file.

Process and Output:

  1. Import indicator log as lithology data.

  2. Import x, y, KB as renew header.

  3. Import markers as row based format.

  4. Data quality control and remove indicator values > 3 to concentrate on oil, water, and gas.

  5. Variogram and model fit.

  6. Build 3D indicator model by Kriging.

  7. Build 2 conditional simulation realizations for comparison.

  8. Graph results.

Run time: About 15 to 25 minutes depending on computer time.

 

T7. MAKEMAP

Objectives: 2D map of top structure from well markers, with fault analysis.

Inputs: A text file of top of structure at wells with XY coordinates.

Process and Output:

  1. Import layer data and data quality control.

  2. Variogram and model fit.

  3. Build 2D structure model by Kriging.

  4. Calculate discontinuity of structure map to locate fault.

  5. Determine fault location with multiple graphs.

  6. Add fault on basemap.

  7. Build 2D structure model by Kriging with fault.

Run time: about 5 to 10 minutes.

 

T8. MAKEMAP2

Objectives: 2D map of reservoir thickness where the zero thickness is automatically honored.

Inputs: A text file of thickness with XY coordinates.

Process and Output:

  1. Import layer data and data quality control.

  2. Variogram and model fit.

  3. Build 2D model by Kriging.

Run time: about 1 to 3 minutes.

 

T9. MAKEMAP3 - A REEF RESERVOIR

Objectives: 2D map of reservoir thickness where the zero thickness is automatically honored.

Inputs: A text file of thickness with XY coordinates.

Process and Output:

  1. Import layer data and data quality control.

  2. Variogram and model fit.

  3. Build 2D model by Kriging.

Run time: about 1 to 3 minutes.

 

T10. POR3WELL

Objectives: 3D model building with deviated wells and only three wells.

Inputs: (1) Horizon Markers in a text file, (2) Porosity logs in a text file with keywords for well, x, y, and kb.

Process and Output:

  1. Import data and data quality control.

  2. Variogram and model fit.

  3. Build 3D porosity model by Kriging.

Run time: about 4 to 7 minutes.

 

T11. PRODOIL: PRODUCTION DATA OF OIL FIELD

Objectives: Animation map of production history data.

Inputs: Monthly production rate of oil, gas, and water.

Process and Output:

  1. Import time based production history.

  2. Remove shut-in data.

  3. Calculate gas-oil-ratio and water-cut.

  4. Variogram and model fit.

  5. Build 3D grid with time as Z axis.

  6. Graph time animation of oil rate, gas-oil-ratio, and water-cut.

Run time: about 5 to 10 minutes.

 

T12. SEISMIC INVERSION

Objectives: Synthetic seismic data and seismic inversion.

Inputs: None.

Process and Output:

  1. Simulate an earth model with deposition simulation option.

  2. Use Ricker wavelet and linear time depth function to generate synthetic seismic data from the earth model.

  3. Invert seismic to impedance with the same Ricker wavelet and time depth function, without constraint or reference grid.

  4. Graph results and compare with earth model.

  5. Sample the 4 corners of the earth model to make wells with Vsh logs.

  6. Remove inversion grid to start over.

  7. Sample the seismic grid for 4 wells.

  8. Graph time to depth correlation search.

  9. Search wavelet.

  10. Add marker.

  11. Calculate variogram.

  12. Build pseudo impedance grid with Vsh logs.

  13. Invert seismic with well log based impedance grid as reference.

  14. Graph results.

Run time: About 30 to 50 minutes depending on computer speed.

 

T13. SIMULATION

Objectives: Generating heterogeneous data without actual data.

Inputs: None

Process and Output:

  1. Specify variogram, mean, and standard deviation for porosity model.

  2. Generate 3D porosity model by simulation.

  3. Change variogram correlation ratio and generate model again.

  4. Specify variogram, mean, and standard deviation for permeability model, log-normal.

  5. Generate 3D permeability model by simulation.

  6. Sample the permeability grid to become data traces.

Run time: about 5 to 10 minutes.

 

T14. SOFTGRID MODEL

Objectives: 2D model building with soft data grid.

Inputs: (1) Horizon picks from seismic time data in a text file. (2) Well markers in depth in a text file.

Process and Output:

  1. Import time pick data and save as grid.

  2. Import well marker data.

  3. Sample time pick grid at well locations.

  4. Correlate time pick data with well marker data.

  5. Convert time pick grid to soft data grid.

  6. Variogram and model fit.

  7. Build 2D structure grid with colocated cokriging.

Run time: about 6 to 12 minutes.

 

T15. SIMULATION EXPORT

(To be added later)

Objectives: 

Inputs: 

Process and Output:

  1. Import 

Run time: about x minutes depending on computer power..